The definition of personality is explored based on the categorical structure of reality. The understanding
of the categories is founded on the teachings of I. Kant, B. Spinoza, G. W. F. Hegel,
and K. Marx; the pedagogic conception of E. V. Ilyenkov is analyzed. The relation of ontogeny and
phylogeny is tracked. The identity of beginnings of science and of the personality is revealed by
the study of the energetic activity of the child. The categorical contradiction defi ning the person is
fi xed. The substantiation of child’s creative abilities development is studied.
Keywords: personality; subjectivity; category; ontogeny; phylogeny; dialectics; contradiction;
identity; sensitivity; rationality; mind; total; substance; spinozism; freedom; activity.