Biology is a branch of natural science that is developing extremely fast today. In the process of this development, many perceptions are undergoing significant change, and some have to be completely abandoned. For science, this situation is the norm, but for the «broad masses» (and they are the «suppliers» of new generations of scientists) the continuous change of the basic tenets of the picture of the world presents a certain problem. This, in particular, is evidenced by the lag of the school (and university) program from the «advanced edge» of science. The article uses the example of two basic concepts of biology — Darwinism and epigenetics — analyzes the difficulties of overcoming the «ideological» (in a broad sense) diktat in science. To this end, the content analysis of scientific and near-scientific literature is carried out, the dialectic of the change and continuity of conceptual attitudes in the theories of evolution and morphogenesis is traced, and the influence of the cultural context on the teaching of natural sciences is analyzed.
Keywords: philosophy of biology, theory of evolution, Darwinism, Lamarckism, genetics, epigenesis, epigenetics, preformism, biophilosophy
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