A wide range of representations of everyday consciousness is considered, which, according to the author, cannot be overcome by school, pedagogy, or science. Demonstration of this leads to the key problems of philosophical thought, the study of which is at the same time entering the culture of thinking, without mastering which, without including it in the context of educational practice, the formation of free creative thinking cannot be rationally posed. The author sees the way to discover the pure beginning of this activity in the philosophy of Descartes. Through the analysis of the initial principles of Descartes’s philosophy, the state of the school and its inability to take in the historically developed mind are revealed. Madness as a «dream of reason», the author concludes, penetrates into all pores of life and remains to live there, passing by a historically developed thinking culture.
Key words: thinking, reason, reason, prejudice, concept, theoretical form, philosophy, pedagogy, school.
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