Public opinion is an integral part of social and political life. The degree of its consideration in management processes reflects the state of democracy in the country. Public opinion institutionalization enables to improve its development process monitoring and to consider it in public management. The authors denote principal conditions of public opinion institutionalizations and analyze, in accordance with them, the degree of democracy and civil society development in Russia.
Keywords: public opinion; institutionalization; civil society institutions; democracy; public management.
References
- Bol’shaya sovetskaya entsiklopediya, v 30 t. (Unabridged Soviet Encyclopedy, in 30 Vols.), Pod red. A. M. Prokhorova, 3-e izd., T. 18, Nikko — Otolity, M., Sovetskaya entsiklopediya, 1974, 631 p., il.
- Gavra D. P. Obshchestvennoe mnenie kak sotsiologicheskaya kategoriya i sotsial’nyi institut (Public opinion as sociological category and social institution), SPb., ISEP RAN, 1995, 235 p., il., tabl.
- Sotsiologicheskaya entsiklopediya, v 2 t. (Sociological Encyclopedy, in 2 Vols.), Ruk. nauchnogo proekta G. Yu. Semigin, T. 1, A—M, M., Mysl’, 2003, 694 p.
- Frolov S. S. Sotsiologiya (Sociology), 3-e izd., dop., M., Gardariki, 1999, 344 p.
- Levada Yu. A. Ot mnenii k ponimaniyu: sotsiologicheskie ocherki, 1993—2000 (From Opinions to Understanding: Sociological Essays, 1993 to 2000), M., Mosk. shk. polit. issled., 2000, 574 p., B-ka Moskovskoi shkoly politicheskikh issledovanii.
- Grushin B. A. Institut obshchestvennogo mneniya — otdel “Komsomol’skoi pravdy” (Public Opinion institute is the “Komsomolskaya Pravda” Newspaper Desk), Pressa v obshchestve (1959—2000), Otsenki zhurnalistov i sotsiologov, dokumenty, M., Mosk. shk. polit. issled., 2000, pp. 46—65, B-ka Moskovskoi shkoly politicheskikh issledovanii.
- Grushin B. A. Chetyre zhizni Rossii v zerkale oprosov obshchestvennogo mneniya: ocherki massovogo soznaniya rossiyan vremen Khrushcheva, Brezhneva, Gorbacheva i El’tsina, v 4 kn., Zhizn’ 1-ya: Epokha Khrushcheva (Four Lives of Russia in the Mirror of Opinion Polls: Popular Mentality Essays of Russians under Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Gorbachev and Yeltsin, in 4 Books, 1st Life: Khrushchev Epoch), M., Progress-Traditsiya, 2001, 619 p., il.
- KPSS. TsK. Materialy Plenuma Tsentral’nogo Komiteta KPSS, 23 aprelya 1985 goda (Proceedings of Plenum of Central Committee of Soviet Union Communist Party, April 23, 1985), M., Politizdat, 1985, 31 p., Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaites’!
- Zakon SSSR “O vsenarodnom obsuzhdenii vazhnykh voprosov gosudarstvennoi zhizni”, Prinyat na sed’moi ses. Verkhovnogo Soveta SSSR odinnadtsatogo sozyva 30 iyunya 1987 g. (Law of the USSR “On All-People’s Discussion of National Life Questions”, Adopted on 7th Session of Supreme Soviet of the USSR, eleventh convocation, June 30, 1987), M., Izvestiya, 1987, 11 p.
- Doktorov B. Z., Oslon A. A., Petrenko E. S. Epokha El’tsina: mneniya rossiyan, sotsiologicheskie ocherki (Yeltsin’s Epoch: Russians’ Opinions, Sociological Essays), M., In-t Fonda “Obshchestvennoe mnenie”, 2002, 382 p.
- O Deklaratsii prav i svobod cheloveka i grazhdanina, Postanovlenie Verkhovnogo Soveta RSFSR ot 22 noyabrya 1991 g. No. 1920-1 (On Declaration of the Rights and Liberties of Man and of the Citizen, Ordinance of Supreme Soviet if the RSFSR from November 22, 1991, No. 1920-1), Vash advokat: zakony, kodeksy, postanovleniya, M., Biznes-shkola: Intel-Sintez, 1997, pp. 233—238, B-ka zhurnala “Vash advokat”, V pomoshch’ naseleniyu.
- Gavra D. P. Obshchestvennoe mnenie v sisteme sotsial’nogo upravleniya, avtoref. dis. … d-ra sotsiol. nauk (Public Opinion in Social Administration System, Extended Abstract of Dissertation for a Doctor of Sociology’s Degree), SPb., 1995, 39 p.
- Ob itogakh referenduma SSSR, sostoyavshegosya 17 marta 1991 goda (Iz soobshcheniya Tsentral’noi komissii referenduma SSSR) (On the Results of USSR Referendum that Took Place on March 17, 1991 (From Statement of USSR Referendum Central Commission)), Reformirovanie Rossii: mify i real’’nost’ (1989—1994), by In-t sotsial.-polit. issled. RAN, avt.-sost. G. V. Ositpov i dr., M., Academia, 1994, pp. 380—382.
- O vsenarodnom golosovanii (referendume SSSR), Zakon SSSR ot 27 dekabrya 1990 g. No. 1869-1 (On Nation-Wide Voting (USSR Referendum), Law of the USSR from December 27, 1990, No. 1869-1), Vedomosti SND i VS SSSR, 1991, No. 1, pp. 37—45.
- Marks K. K kritike politicheskoi ekonomii (A Critique of Political Economy), Sochineniya, by K. Marks, F. Engel’s, 2-e izd., T. 13, Yanvar’ 1859 — fevral’ 1860, M., Politizdat, 1959, pp. 5—167.
- Nekotorye itogi sotsiologicheskikh oprosov naseleniya (Some Results of Population Opinion Polls), Pressa v obshchestve (1959—2000): Otsenki zhurnalistov i sotsiologov, dokumenty, M., Mosk. shk. polit. issled., 2000, pp. 595—598, B-ka Moskovskoi shkoly politicheskikh issledovanii.
- Rossiiskii statisticheskii ezhegodnik. 1998 (Russian Statistical Yearbook. 1998), stat. sb., by Goskomstat Rossii, M., Mosk. izdat. dom, 1999, 621 p.
- Ob Obshchestvennoi palate Rossiiskoi Federatsii, federal’nyi zakon ot 4 aprelya 2005 g. No. 32-FZ (On Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, Federal Law from April 4, 2005, No. 32-FZ), M., INFRA-M, 2005, 19 p., Federal’nyi zakon, vyp. 30 (297).