The authors analyze peculiar traits of contemporary socio-cultural situation in Russia. They trace back changes in social meaning of education in various periods of Russian history. The authors did mark out and analyze two key functions of education. Special emphasis is placed on exceptional importance of traditions’ revival on substantive level of pedagogical process. The authors have stated that non-state higher education in Russia is still at the early stage of development and the time of evaluative judgments about its paradigm is yet to come. Keywords: education’s socio-cultural meaning; non-state higher education; socio-reproductive function; adaptive-mobile function; energy of self-development; multicultural space; post-modernism; education’s value orientation

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