There are several integrated theories of thinking in the recent philosophy, built on the matter of psychology, anthropology, Artificial Intelligence, and neuro- and cognitive studies. Theoretical significance of Russian cultural and historical scholarly tradition as well as the activity approach in studies of thinking continues to stay underestimated. The conception of thinking, created by L. S. Vygotsky, A. N. Leontiev, and E. V. Ilyenkov, seems to be less demanded alternative to the viewpoint proposed by evolutional psychology, neuroscience, and informational approach. The author represents ideas of these Russian scientists as points of successive working out the nature of thinking on the basis of Marxist methodology. The author states that in their works was formed an integral theory of thinking as cognitive activity having historical and cultural genesis and pertaining exclusively to man.
Keywords: thinking; forms of reasoning; cognition; culture-historical psychology; activity approach.
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https://doi.org/10.24151/2409-1073-2018-3-71-84